Tuesday 13 October 2009

Code and conventions of Documentaries

9/11
Channel 4 nine o'clock

Type of documentary-
-Expository as ‘voice of god’ is used to narrate what was going on in the different parts of the twin towers and all the facts about the times that the towers were hit etc. A male voice was used to show authority and used a very serious tone of voice to go with the seriousness of the subject.

-Drama-documentary was also used as lots of different reconstructions were used to show what difficulties the different people had to face. Some of the reconstructions were based on transcribed conversations and others were re-enactments of what people had informed then what was going on.

Themes-

Narrative structure-
-The narrative structure was in the style of linear as all the events and different peoples views of what had happened were all in time order graphics were displayed on screen to keep the view informed of what time all the different events were happening.

Camera work-
-An establishing shot was used at the very beginning of the documentary was used to inform the views were they where and what it was about. The shot was a circling shot of all of New York going around the twin towers.

-Close ups of the towers were used to show were the plain had entered and the damaged that it had caused.

Close up of people’s feet running down the different sets of stairs to show the agency of the people getting out and the rush they had to face.

-Hand held camera work of people running down the stairs was also used to add to the rusting and the agency of trying to get out.

-Zooming in was used in interviews to show the actual set of the interview were the viewer could see the back drop and the lighting stands set up at the side, slowly zooming in. this was to show that it is real and to made the audience believe in it more. Also the emotions on the people’s faces to show that they were there and still feel for the event. the zoom out at the beginning is to almost show the reality behind the twin towers disaster

-Mid-shot and close up was used in the interviews to show the emotions on the faces of the people that were actually there.

Mise-en-scene-
- The interviews were all placed on a black backdrop to not take any focus of what they are actually saying and also to the show the important to the situation and topic of conversation, also to respect those that were killed or injured by the events.

- The clothes that the people being interviewed all wore suits to show respect to the topic. There was also a fire man to survive who had this fire mans suit on.

-Inside the twin towers on the reconstructions it was all a mess with ceiling falling down and rubbish all over the floors, very smoky dark rooms torches were used to show the smoke. Also there was fire and explosions going off.

Sound-
SFX non deigetic sounds and helicopters going round getting louder and building up the tensions at the beginning of the documentary.

-Voice over of actually conversation’s that different people made from inside the building and outside.

-Diegetic sound of the explosions going off inside in the twin towers.

-Non diegetic sound of music playing towards the end of the documentary. The music was wind instruments very sad and slow music to respect the situation.

Editing-
- Cut away from shot to shot, very smooth not noticing it. It moved from reconstructions to the actually people being interviewed.

- The graphics help the story move up and down the different building and different twin towers.

Archive material-
- Actual conversations played that people made in the build to emergency services and people outside watching what was happening.

- Peoples own footage of watching the plains and the building, hand held shacking and most on mobile so not as clear as normal camera work.

-News programmes displaying what had happened on the day to the world.

-peoples own footage of re action shots and what was going on outside of the twin towers.

Graphics-
- writing to inform the audience that all the stories are true, and the same writing of a very plain white font on a black background to show the seriousness, was used to inform the audience of the different times that all the different situations happened.

- Graphic were used on a plain crashing into the building to show what would have happen on the entry of the plain. The same style of these see through graphics was used to show the different floors of the towers and were the lifts and stairs were. This was to help the story easy move up and down the build to the different floors and to help the audience place themselves in the situation and understand were all the different floors were to were the people were.


The devil made me do it

Type of documentary-
-Expository- as it use a ‘voice of god’ to anchor the images that appear on screen.

-Observation- as it follows people around like fly on the wall.

Themes-
-Region- evil, devil, the religious symbols use and the religious places shown, as it is about a nun being killed.

Narrative structure-
-Non linear- as all the information is given in different orders.

Camerawork-
-Hand held camera work when using tracking shots

-Talking heads close up

-Tracking shots of the different people walking around such as the police man at work


-Tilt angle is use at a high angle and a low angle.
-Close up shots new papers so show the news at the time

-Close up of fans in concert

-Low angle shot of Marlin Mansion to make he look stronger and powerful as he is meant to be the devil behind the killing

Mise-en-scene-
-Lots of different places in Italy historical and the religious places

-Interviews taken place in different places to do with the person being interview, Marlin Mansion in his dressing room and the police in his office with his uniform on. Young people interview smoking and lying around in the café and in the bedroom.

-Empty court room as cannot film the actual court scene

Sound-
-non diegetic sound of high pitched people singing as if it was angles

-Marlin Mansion non diegectic music of his songs some live at concert which is diegetic sound.

-Non diegetic voice over of the translation into English

-Non diegetic sound of clock ticking and heart beat to make it sound creepy and add to the tension of the documentary.

-Non diegetic sound of violins

-Diegetic sound of the crowd at Marlin Mansion concerts.

Editing-
-Lots of cut away shots to show lots of different images.

-Cut a way’s to the 3 different girls in talking heads done in time with the heart beat in the background

-Tracking shot of tunnel, the voice over talking about the girls coming out of prison. So the tunnel is like a metaphor of there time in prison.

Archive material-
-Footage of the funeral

-Music videos and concerts of Marlin Mansion

-Old interviews

-Voice over of actual interviews

-Footage of people arriving at concerts

-Footage of the notebooks of the girls

Graphics-
-Devil in the title- dark black and had a cross thought it to show the devil

-Text on the bottom left hand corner of the scene to show who they are in the talking head interviews

-The song lyrics going a long the bottom on the screen when the song is to show what he is singing about.

-Paragraph of writing at the end to tell the end of the story off.

Marketing movies
Type of documentary-
-Expository as it uses ‘voice of god’ but it does really expose anything just inform people of how things are done

-It is an education as it mentions hear is a clip for teachers

Themes-
-Movies
-Marketing
-Promotions
-Advertising
-Tagline
-Tie ins

Narrative structure-
- Telling a story all about how to market a movie

-It following a linear narrative as it goes in the different order of how to market and what to do next.


- ‘Voice of god’ is used to help the narrative go along and to explain to the view all the different technical terms.

Camera work-
-Close up is used on talking head

-Slow camera zoom in and out of different film posters this is used a lot as it zooms into the posters to show the audience what film they are talking about at the time. When this zoom is happening the ‘voice of god’ is explain in the image on screen.

-Extreme and close up of computer scene to show that the men is editing a film and to show how to edit the film.


Mise-en-scene-
-The different interview that where use had the merchandise of the different films that they produce or were involved with. Such as the mouse trap poster placed in the background.

-The different red carpet events, with all the different cameras and famous people that appeared in the film, form dress wear.

Sound-
-Non diegetic, sound of a very fast beat song made to sound like a movie soundtrack to go with the documentary, Also a jazzy sounding music.

-Diegetic sound of the actual films when they are being played.

- Diegetic sound of the crown at the red carpet events

Editing-
-Fast cut shots to all different images to do with all of the different films being shown

-Dissolve is used from the actual poster of the film to the people in the film.

-Fast clips from the trailers of films and the actual film clips.


Archive material-
- Interviews with people on the red carpet

- People outside different shops

- All different poster of film and all the different merchandise

-The McDonalds adverts for the toys which are the tie ins of the film

- Newspaper and Magazine reviews of the films when they came out

-The trailers and the actual sections from different films that are mention

-The different editors editing the actual film


Graphics-
- Money sings growing and moving towards the scene.

- The BBC two logo at the bottom left hand of the screen the whole time to show the views and remind them what programme they are watching

- The name and the Job title of the different people being interviewed, this is also in the bottom left hand corner and the name of the person is in a bigger type face then the job

-Titles of the different sections that they are moving onto in the documentary, this is used to help the narrative of the story go along as well.


The Music Biz- Marketing Meatloaf

Type of documentary-
- Expository as it uses a ‘voice of god’ which anchors the images on screen.

-It uses a bit of inactive filming where there is footage of one camera man filming another, this is use on the film set when they are making the meatloaf video.

Themes-
-Music
- Marketing
- Rebranding

Narrative structure-
-It follows a linear structure to show how to market an artist

-Two strand narrative- as there is two different artist that they look into and talk about one being a case study on Meatloaf and the other being a smaller case study about The Village people.

-The beginning of the documentary starts as a backstage look at music awards, like this for about ten minutes at the start. Then at the end of the documentary it goes back to the backstage were meatloaf is being interviewed.
Camera work-
-Establishing shot of the very famous radio city tower over in New York. Slowly the camera pans down the building.

-Tacking shot of all different famous people arriving at the radio city tower.

-External shot of the different famous people arriving at the bit awards.

-Point of view shot as the camera man walks into the backstage area an shows the people on the door there pass. This makes the audience feel involved and as if they have been invited backstage too.

-Establishing shot of the virgin head quarters with a slow motion zoom, zooming in on the room the people are in then arrive inside the room.

-Talking head interviews done in mid close up form, and none of the people in the interview sit facing the audience they sit to the sit not looking at the camera but looking at the person they are going to interview.

Mise en scene-
- Busy and complicated when backstage, showing all the different elements of media that normally appears backstage, small over crowed room.

-In talking head videos meatloaf’s video is being played in the background and album covers of his in the background.

- On of the talking head meatloaf video then dissolve into the talking head interview and then dissolves back out into the meatloaf video.

- Interview in the recording studio the music desk is in the background, as the famous singer is in front to show he was involved in the music business. Also he has glasses on the show that he is trying to look cool.

Sound-
- The diegetic sound of the crown when on the red carpet.

- A lot of the sound used is the non diegetic sound of meatloaf music being played.

- Non diegetic sound of a heart beat to show a fast pace to the documentary.

Editing-
- The opening titles is a music magazine with the main image changing to all the different famous musicians. This is to show that the documentary is all about the magazine business behind music.

-Most of the editing is simply just cut away shots.
- Parallel editing were both him and his manger walk up to get there awards to show the different reactions that they have.

- Slow motion of the fans reaction.

Archive material-
- The red carpet event, all the different interviews they did at the time.

- Different people on the television talking about meatloaf.

- Lots of music video footage also some oh the behind scenes is shown. Also photographs of meatloaf and album cover.

- Some of the footage that meatloaf is singing in is off other programmes should as when he performed for top of the pops.

Graphics-
- The name of the different music awards that they are at, there logos such as the Grammys and the Brit awards.

- The names of the people in the talking head interviews at the top left hand corner of the screen.


That thing Lora croft

Themes-
-technical
-power
-video games
-gender

Narrative structure-
- How the game become big, then became a film

- The narrative follows a linear structure as it goes though have the video game was invented and what it became.

Camera work-
- Talking heads, done in close up to go with the type of action and to make it look more dramatic.

-fast tracking shot, sped up done with a fish eye lens when all the teenagers are at the computers, this is to make it look fast and exciting like a game.

- Close up of keyboards and computers to show technology which is the main theme of the documentary

Mise en scene-
- all different forms and different elements that you can find when it comes to technology and video games for example there was the video game being played in the background of the talking head interviews and video clips. The people in the interview wore pretty casual clothes to so that is for a young audience and it was not about a serious subject.

Sound-
- Very fast up beat non diegetic music played at start this is gain attention and inform the view of the subject as the music sound like a video game.

-There are many different layers of sound that go on at the same time such as the ‘voice of god’ would be over a sound track, this is to continue with the theme of video game as they use many different sound and SFX.

Editing-
-Am interview was being played on a computer that was being filmed, this was to make it look like he was a video game.

- Things were played in fast motion to make it look like video game as they are fast.

-The rest of the editing is simply just cuts to all different shots and images.

Archive material-
- The game being played and the video footage

- Barbie doll advert to show have Lora has changed into a Barbie doll figure.

- Actual E mails that people have sent yet again using different forms of technology in the documentary.

Graphics-
- The person being interview at the bottom left hand side of the scene.

- At the being Lora Croft names comes up on scene in big bold letters.

Daredevils- The Ice man

Channel 4, 9.00pm

Type of documentary-
- Expository as it uses ‘voice of god’ the voice is a male and has a serious voice to do with some of the serious times in the documentary.

- Observational as it goes around his house as he does is normal things and lives his live with family, also follows him to see his normal daily routine.

Themes-
-Ice and snow
- Health reason, doctors, mental and getting inside the mind
- Running

Narrative structure-
- A linear structure, as it starts he is doing all the different training elements to go on his marathon in the snow and it then it finishes with the actual marathon.

Camerawork-
- They used an underwater camera when he was swimming in the ice, this was to show the audience that he was actually doing it and that it was real.

- Tracking shots were used to show his normal day live in the house and outside

- Close up of feet running in the snow followed by a close up of the foot prints in the snow and also a close up of his feet getting out of the water.

- Some of the camera work was done in the dark so it lighting was affected.

- Low angle shot looking up at the trees.

- Hand held camera was used when climbing up a mountain.

- A point of view shot is used when he is running so it is also hand held as to what he can see when he is running which is the finishes line.

Mise en scene-
- Doctors interview placed in the doctor’s room

- Interviewing the family is set in the room on the sofa to show were they live

- In mise en scene of the streets is all snow an ice everyone to show were they are in a cold place.

Sound-
- Music non diegetic action sounding music played as the man in running in slow motion.

- SFX of a heart beat to show the serious of the situation and how in tense it is getting when he goes underwater.

- The diegetic sound of his heavy breath while he is running to add tension to the documentary

Editing-
-Slow motion running in the snow

- Daredevils- the opening titles very fast up pace of lots of different cut away shots mixed in with the SFX of the heart beat getting faster as the images get faster to build up the tension and to keep people watching the programme.

- Adverts left at cliff-hangers

Archive material-
- Footage of different events that the daredevil has done before when he was younger to show that he was always into this type of thing

- Other people’s footage of thing that he has done

Graphic-
- The title of ‘The ice man ‘

- The name of people being interview at the bottom left hand corner of the screen eg the arctic expect

- Sub titles of the different language being spoke which is finish

Code and conventions

For the mise en scene of the talking head interviews that happen in a documentary are forces on a subject that relates to them or props are peopled in the background. Also the location of the filming all fits in with the documentary subject and other interviews are often placed in front of locations to fit in.

The editing is mainly made up of basic cut away shots as this is easy to keep the documentary going, sometimes slow and fast motion can be used to add more intensity and to focus on something, zoom is not very often used in a documentary as they are often on important subject and aren’t need but if they do get used they are generally to focus on something important or a building/ location.

The graphics that appear in a documentary are generally the opening titles and then the name of the person being interview and the job title or what there role is. This is almost always placed in the bottom left hand corner of the screen. Something else that sometimes appears in the bottom left hand corner is the logo of the televising of the programme so that people remember what channel they are watching.

The camera work code and conventions varies is some of the different shot used as different documentary have a different narrative and they can mess around with different shot frames. The main shots that are in most documentaries are an opening establishing shot of the location so the audience understand what it is about, hand held camera work is often used in reconstructions and action shots to add authenticity to the shot. When talking head interviews are done the shot the is a medium close up shot (not too close so you can see the mise en scene). Tracking shot is another code and convention as documentaries are normally tracking something or finding something out so they we need to use a tracking shot at some point, as the time taken to do the shots are very long takes this is because there is much editing done and to add authenticity and make the audience believe in the subject.

The sound that you can find is a mixture between diegetic and non diegetic. The diegetic sound is normally used in the background as a voice over would generally be talking over it. the non deigetic sound is made up of music and SFX that relate to the subject featured in the documentary. The main source of non diegetic sound is the Voice over or the ‘Voice of god’ that narrative the whole documentary and anchorages the images that are on the screen. This is one of the main code and conventions about documentaries.


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